Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-4-2019
Publication Title
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Publisher
Frontiers Media
Volume
7
First page number:
1
Last page number:
17
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) consist of a diverse and highly integrated community of organisms that effectively colonize and collectively stabilize soil surfaces. BSCs vary in terms of soil chemistry and texture as well as the environmental parameters that combine to support unique combinations of organisms—including cyanobacteria dominated, lichen-dominated, and bryophyte-dominated crusts. The list of organismal groups that make up BSC communities in various and unique combinations include—free living, lichenized, and mycorrhizal fungi, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, diazotrophic bacteria and archaea, eukaryotic algae, and bryophytes. The various BSC organismal groups demonstrate several common characteristics including—desiccation and extreme temperature tolerance, production of various soil binding chemistries, a near exclusive dependency on asexual reproduction, a pattern of aerial dispersal over impressive distances, and a universal vulnerability to a wide range of human-related perturbations. With this publication, we provide literature-based insights as to how each organismal group contributes to the formation and maintenance of the structural and functional attributes of BSCs, how they reproduce, and how they are dispersed. We also emphasize the importance of effective application of molecular and microenvironment sampling and assessment tools in order to provide cogent and essential answers that will allow scientists and land managers to better understand and manage the biodiversity and functional relationships of soil crust communities.
Keywords
Biological soil crusts (BSCs); Bacteria; Fungi; Terrestrial algae; Bryophytes; Reproduction; Aerial dispersal
Disciplines
Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology | Soil Science
File Format
File Size
822 KB
Language
English
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Repository Citation
Warren, S. D.,
St. Clair, L. L.,
Stark, L. R.,
Lewis, L. A.,
Pombubpa, N.,
Kurbessoian, T.,
Stajich, J. E.,
Aanderud, Z. T.
(2019).
Reproduction and Dispersal of Biological Soil Crust Organisms.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7
1-17.
Frontiers Media.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00344