A Sustainable Solution for Removal of Glutaraldehyde in Saline Water with Visible Light Photocatalysis
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-3-2019
Publication Title
Chemosphere
Volume
220
First page number:
1083
Last page number:
1090
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde (GA) is the most common biocide used in unconventional oil and gas production. Photocatalytic degradation of GA in brine simulating oil and gas produced water using Ag/AgCl/BiOCl composite as a photocatalyst with visible light was investigated. Removal of GA at 0.1 mM in 200 g/L NaCl solution at pH 7 was 90% after 75 min irradiation using 5 g/L of the photocatalyst. The GA removal followed pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.0303 min−1. At pH 5 or at 300 g/L NaCl, the photocatalytic removal of GA was almost completely inhibited. Similar inhibitions were observed when adding dissolved organic carbon (from humic acid) at 10 and 200 mg/L, or Br− at 120 mg/L to the system. The removal rate of GA markedly increased with increasing pH (5–9), photocatalyst loading (2–8 g/L) and under 350 nm UV (compared to visible light). On the contrary, the removal rate of GA markedly decreased with increasing NaCl and initial GA concentrations (0–300 g/L for NaCl and 0.1–0.4 mM for GA). A quenching experiment was also conducted; electron holes (h+) and superoxide (Image 2) were found as the main reactive species responsible for the removal of GA while OH had a very limited effect.
Keywords
Glutaraldehyde; Hydraulic fracturing fluid; Produced waterSaline; Visible light photocatalysis
Disciplines
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Language
English
Repository Citation
Hong, S.,
Ratpukdi, T.,
Sungthong, B.,
Sivaguru, J.,
Khan, E.
(2019).
A Sustainable Solution for Removal of Glutaraldehyde in Saline Water with Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Chemosphere, 220
1083-1090.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.216
