Spectra Undergraduate Research Journal
Category
Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Criminal Justice
Received
March 2, 2021
Accepted
July 19, 2021
Published
August 13, 2021
Copyright
Articles in Spectra are freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which allows others to re-use the work without permission as long as the work is properly cited.
Data Availability Statement
The author confirms that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that no conflicts of interest exist.
Ethical Considerations
Given that this project did not involve human or animal subjects, no IRB or IACUC approval was needed. No data presented in this paper are derived from participants and all program elements are publicly shared.
Funding
No funding was used to conduct this research.
Abstract
Racial profiling has become a prominent issue in modern policing today. Instead of being based on individual suspicion, racial profiling embodies a belief that people of color are continuously singled out by the police for scrutiny and harassment. Policies and procedures make the Black community vulnerable to police discrimination and racial profiling. Floyd et al. v. City of New York et al. (2013) declared that the New York Police Department’s (NYPD) practice of stop-and-frisk was racially profiling Black civilians. This study sought (1) to determine if the NYPD post-Floyd is still engaging in racial profiling towards Black civilians; and (2) to evaluate the relationship between race and the number of stops, frisks, and arrests with the T-test. Based on the data released by the NYPD from 2011 to 2015 and 2019 (N=1,492,295), results indicated that the NYPD is engaging in racial profiling towards Black civilians post-Floyd and that there is a relationship between race and the number of stops, frisks, and arrests between Black and White civilians. The results contribute to a wider research consensus that racial profiling and discrimination are a presence in police practices in the United States.
Keywords
stop-and-frisk, racial profiling, New York City
Submission Type
Thesis-based research article
Recommended Citation
Ly, L. (2021). Racial profiling: Understanding the practice of stop-and-frisk in New York City. Spectra Undergraduate Research Journal, 1(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.9741/2766-7227.1006
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