Why are Children Still Being Infected with HIV? Impact of an Integrated Public Health and Clinical Practice Intervention on Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Las Vegas, Nevada, 2007-2012.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2015

Publication Title

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research

Volume

5

Issue

4

First page number:

253

Last page number:

259

Abstract

During a 9 months period, September 2005 through June 2006, Nevada documented six cases of pediatric HIV acquired through mother to child transmission. Subsequently, a community based approach to the care of women and children living with or exposed to HIV was implemented. Subjects and Methods: A detailed review of mother infant pairs where HIV transmission occurred was performed to identify missed opportunities for prevention of mother to child HIV transmission. An intervention program was developed and implemented using the six step process. Data were collected prospectively over a 6 years period (2007–2012) and were evaluated for six core outcomes measures: (1) adequacy of prenatal care (2) HIV diagnoses of expectant mothers prior to delivery (3) appropriate use of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy before delivery (4) appropriate use of cesarean section for delivery (5) adequacy of zidovudine prophylaxis to newborn (6) HIV transmission rate. Results: Twenty six infants were born to HIV infected mothers from July 2005 to June 2006 with 6 documented infections. One hundred and five infants were born to HIV infected mothers from January 2007 to December 2012. Postimplementation, adequacy of prenatal care increased from 58% (15/26) to 85% (89/105); appropriate use of ARV therapy before delivery increased from 73% (19/26) to 86% (90/105); cesarean section as the method for delivery increased from 62% (16/26) to 74% (78/105); adequacy of zidovudine prophylaxis to newborn increased from 54% (14/26) to 87% (91/105). HIV transmission rate dropped from 23% (6/26) to 0%. Conclusion: Integrating public health and clinical services in the care of HIV infected pregnant women and exposed infants leads to better coordination of care and improved quality of care.

Keywords

HIV transmission; Implementation; Mother to child; Primary care; Public health

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