Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-13-2019
Publication Title
Microbial Risk Analysis
Publisher
Elsevier
First page number:
1
Last page number:
11
Abstract
This study describes the results of a dynamic quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for norovirus (NoV) that was used to evaluate the relative significance of foodborne, person-to-person, and person-to-sewage-to-person transmission pathways. This last pathway was incorporated into simulated potable reuse systems to evaluate the adequacy of typical treatment trains, operational conditions, and regulatory frameworks. The results confirm that secondary and foodborne transmission dominate the overall risk calculation and that waterborne NoV likely contributes no appreciable public health risk, at least in the scenarios modeled in this study. De facto reuse with an environmental buffer storage time of at least 30 days was comparable or even superior to direct potable reuse (DPR) when compound failures during advanced treatment were considered in the model. Except during these low-probability failure events, DPR generally remained below the 10−4 annual risk benchmark for drinking water. Based on system feedback and the time-dependent pathogen load to the community's raw sewage, this model estimated median raw wastewater NoV concentrations of 107–108 genome copies per liter (gc/L), which is consistent with high-end estimates in recent literature.
Keywords
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA); Potable reuse; Norovirus; Dynamic disease transmission; Full advanced treatment (FAT); Ozone
Disciplines
Virology | Water Resource Management
File Format
File Size
2303 KB
Language
English
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Repository Citation
Amoueyan, E.,
Ahmad, S.,
Eisenberg, J. N.,
Gerrity, D.
(2019).
A Dynamic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Norovirus in Potable Reuse System.
Microbial Risk Analysis
1-11.
Elsevier.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mran.2019.100088