Depression and Risk of Fracture and One Loss: An Updated Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-12-2018

Publication Title

Osteoporosis International

Volume

29

Issue

6

Abstract

Summary: This meta-analysis pooled results from 23 qualifying individual cohort studies and found that depression was significantly associated with an increased risk of fractures and bone loss. Introduction:The association between depression and risk of fracture remains controversial. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine the effect of depression on the risk of osteoporotic fractures and bone loss. Methods: We searched databases and reviewed citations in relevant articles for eligible cohort studies. Two investigators independently conducted study selection, appraisal, and data abstraction through the use of a standardized protocol. Random effect models were used for meta-analysis. Cochrane Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plots and rank correlation tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Results: Twenty-three studies were included for meta-analysis. In studies that reported hazard ratio (HR) as the outcome (nine studies [n = 309,862]), depression was associated with 26% increase in fracture risk (HR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.10–1.43, p < 0.001). Studies that reported risk ratio (RR) as the outcome (seven studies [n = 64,975]) suggested that depression was associated with 39% increase in fracture risk (RR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.19–1.62, p < 0.001). Among studies that reported hip bone mineral density (BMD) as an outcome (eight studies [n = 15,442]), depression was associated with a reduced mean annual bone loss rate of 0.35% (0.18–0.53%, p < 0.001). The increased risk of fracture and bone loss associated with depression was consistent in all meta-analysis having modified inclusion criteria and in different subgroup analyses as well. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis; however, no significant publication bias was detected. Conclusion: Depression is associated with a significant increased risk in fracture and bone loss. Effective prevention may decrease such risk.

Keywords

Antidepressant, Bone loss, Depression, Depressive disorder, Fracture, Meta-analysis, Review

Language

eng

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