Award Date

December 2018

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences

First Committee Member

Arpita Basu

Second Committee Member

Brian Schilling

Third Committee Member

James Navalta

Fourth Committee Member

Jennifer Kawi

Number of Pages

57

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with dyslipidemia and chronic low-grade inflammation, which greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population. Hyperlipidemia and inflammation in the postprandial state substantially contribute to atherosclerosis development and CVD risk, and have shown to be exacerbated by high-fat meals. Dietary cocoa is a rich source of flavanols that is associated with favorable effects on cardiovascular health, such as improvements in the lipid profile and chronic inflammation, in non-diabetic adults.

Objective: To conduct a secondary data analysis using unpublished data from a previously conducted clinical study to determine whether acute cocoa supplementation reduces postprandial metabolic stress, through improvements in serum markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation, in obese T2D adults after a high-fat fast-food-style meal.

Methods: Adults with T2D [n = 18; age (mean ± SE): 56±3y; BMI (kg/m2): 35.3±2.0; 14 women; 4 men] were randomly assigned to receive cocoa beverage (960 mg total polyphenols; 480 mg flavanols) or flavanol-free placebo with a high-fat fast-food-style breakfast [766kcal, 50g fat (59% energy)] in a crossover trial. After an overnight fast, participants consumed the breakfast with cocoa or placebo, and blood sample collection [serum apoB, apoA1, NEFA, IL- 1β, IL-6, and IL-18] was conducted at fasting, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postprandial time points.

Results: Cocoa significantly decreased serum IL-18 levels at the 1, 4, and 6-h postprandial time points compared to placebo (p < 0.001), but had no effects on serum apoB, apoA1, NEFA, IL- 1β, or IL-6 levels.

Conclusion: Cocoa may play a protective role against the development and progression of CVD through selective anti-inflammatory effects on postprandial IL-18.

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences | Nutrition

File Format

pdf

Degree Grantor

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Language

English

Rights

IN COPYRIGHT. For more information about this rights statement, please visit http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

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