Award Date

5-1-2020

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences

First Committee Member

John Mercer

Second Committee Member

James Navalta

Third Committee Member

Jack Young

Fourth Committee Member

Tim Bungum

Number of Pages

151

Abstract

Resistance training has been shown to have several positive benefits to health including increasing muscle size and strength, reducing risk of sarcopenia with aging, and is associated with reduced risk of mortality. A cornerstone in accomplishing these goals is to progressively overload the muscle by increasing training volume to promote muscle protein synthesis following training stimulation. Total training volume has been demonstrated in the literature to be a prime determinant of muscle hypertrophy and overall training performance. Carbohydrate (CHO) manipulation has been observed as a potential ergogenic aid when training demands are high. Current research investigating nutrition related to exercise is well-documented to address how macronutrient consumption affects performance in endurance exercise; however, there are inconclusive data related to appropriate timing, intake, and macronutrient composition of meals relative to fueling resistance training sessions.

This dissertation describes three experiments designed to understand the influence of CHO intake on resistance training performance. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted using the same subjects; all of whom completed the same conditions. Experiment 3 was a unique set of conditions with different subjects than Experiments 1 and 2.

The purpose of Experiments 1 and 2 were to determine if CHO intake influenced training volume. For Experiments 1 and 2, all subjects completed 5 conditions consisting of different CHO drink manipulations. The analysis for Experiment 1 was focused on a single CHO drink as well as water and a sham condition. The analysis for Experiment 2 was focused on different CHO concentrations. Experiment 3 consisted of three conditions (CHO, water, sham) but subjects were asked to rinse the drink in the mouth then spit the drink out (i.e., no intake).

Experiment 1:

The purpose of Experiment 1 was to specifically investigate if the ingestion of a liquid CHO prior to resistance training would enhance training volume of an acute, squat training session. Methods: 16 participants (males = 14; females = 2), mean age 29 ± 8.8 years, with resistance training experience (>1 year) and ability to squat 61.4 kg for at least ten repetitions completed three conditions (water, sham, or CHO) and performed a squat protocol consisting of five sets with 180 seconds rest between sets. The first three sets consisted of ten repetitions while the fourth and fifth set consisted of repetitions to voluntary termination. Training volume was calculated by multiplying total repetitions and then multiplying by load used. Training volume was analyzed between conditions using one-by-five repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Training volume was not different between conditions (F2,30 = 0.481 p = 0.623). Conclusion: The primary observation of this investigation was that ingestion of a liquid CHO prior to training does not enhance training volume during an acute, squat training session.

The first experiment demonstrated that consuming a 9% CHO solution prior to a squat session had no effect on training volume. However, research is limited on alterations in concentration of CHO consumed prior to acute squat training sessions.

Experiment 2

The purpose of Experiment 2 was to investigate if the ingestion of various doses of a liquid CHO prior to resistance training would enhance training volume of an acute, squat training session. Methods: Participants of this experiment were the same participants used for Experiment 2 of this research. 16 participants (males = 14; females = 2), mean age 29 ± 8.8 years, with resistance training experience (>1 year) and ability to squat 61.4 kg for at least ten repetitions completed five intake conditions (water, sham, 9%, 18%, 4.5% CHO) and performed a squat protocol consisting of five sets with 180 seconds rest between sets. The first three sets consisted of ten repetitions while the fourth and fifth sets consisted of repetitions to voluntary termination. Training volume was calculated by multiplying total repetitions and then multiplying by load used. Training volume was analyzed between conditions using one-by-five repeated measures ANOVA. The analysis was focused on the CHO 9%, CHO 18%, and CHO 4.25% intake conditions. Results: Training volume was not different between conditions (F4,60 = 1.687, p = .165). Conclusion: The primary observation of this investigation is that ingestion of various doses of a liquid CHO prior to training does not enhance training volume during an acute, squat training session.

Experiment 2 demonstrated that altering concentration of CHO intake prior to squat training had no effect training volume. Based upon an analysis of these data, it seems that ingestion of CHO prior to squat training may not provide an ergogenic effect for training volume. Although, using a mouth rinse in place of ingestion could potentially provide an ergogenic effect for resistance training.

Experiment 3

The purpose of Experiment 3 was to evaluate whether or not CHO mouth rinse would affect resistance training performance. Specifically, investigating if the use of CHO mouth rinse prior to training sets of squats would enhance training volume of an acute, squat training session. Methods: Participants for Experiment 3 were new to the experiment. 15 participants (males = 13; females = 2), mean age 31 ± 11 years, with resistance training experience (>1 year) and ability to squat 61.4 kg for at least ten repetitions completed three conditions using mouth rinse (water, sham, or CHO) and performed a squat protocol consisting of five sets with 180 seconds rest between sets. The first three sets consisted of ten repetitions while the fourth and fifth set consisted of repetitions to voluntary termination. Mouth rinse was used immediately prior to the fourth and fifth sets (i.e., complete set 3, three-minute rest, rinse, set 4, threeminute rest, rinse, set 5). Training volume was calculated by multiplying total repetitions and then multiplying by load used. Training volume was analyzed between conditions using one-bythree repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Training volume was not different between conditions (F2,28 = 1.681 p = 0.204). Conclusion: The primary observation of this investigation was that use of CHO mouth rinse prior to training sets does not enhance training volume during an acute, squat training session.

In summary of all three experiments, it was determined that CHO intake nor mouth rinse influenced training volume. It is concluded that CHO manipulation, whether ingested or rinsed in the mouth, does not provide an ergogenic benefit to training volume in an acute squat training session with an intensity of

Keywords

Carbohydrate; Mouth Rinse; Nutrition; Resistance Training; Squat; Training Volume

Disciplines

Kinesiology | Nutrition

File Format

pdf

File Size

1.8 MB

Degree Grantor

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Language

English

Rights

IN COPYRIGHT. For more information about this rights statement, please visit http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

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